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ABSTRACT Objective To assess the predictive value of preoperative serum laboratory test results for identifying choledocholithiasis and reduce the use of cholangioresonance and its inherent costs. Methods Patients aged 21-69 years who underwent preoperative cholangioresonance examination at our institute were included. Patients with a history of fluctuating jaundice or biliary pancreatitis, bile duct dilatation on ultrasonography, and elevated levels of canalicular enzymes (alkaline phosphatase >100U/L and gamma-glutamyl transferase >50U/L) underwent cholangioresonance-guided surgery. Cases of choledocholithiasis confirmed by cholangioresonance were compared with those without choledocholithiasis. Serum laboratory data were evaluated and the diagnostic capabilities of these examinations were analyzed. Results A total of 104 patients were included. For detecting choledocholithiasis using alkaline phosphatase, the cut-off point was 78U/L, sensitivity was 97.6% (95%CI: 87.4-99.9), and specificity was 72.6% (95%CI: 59.8-83.1). In the binary logistic regression analysis, age (OR= 0.92; 95%CI: 0.86-0.98) and alkaline phosphatase level (OR= 1.02; 95%CI: 1.01-1.05) were selected for the final model. Conclusion Serum alkaline phosphatase levels may aid preoperative diagnosis of asymptomatic choledocholithiasis. After a global clinical assessment of the patient, serum laboratory findings may contribute to a reduction in cholangioresonance-related heathcare costs.
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To evaluate the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for small common bile duct stones, 60 patients diagnosed as having suspected common bile duct stones who were hospitalized in Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University from January 2018 to July 2021 were selected. All patients were examined by EUS and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) during the same hospitalization. The results of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, laparotomy or laparoscopic common bile duct exploration were adopted as the golden standard. The diagnostic results of EUS and MRCP were compared with the golden standard, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the two methods were calculated. Among the 60 patients, 46 cases were confirmed as having common bile duct stones, 43 cases were diagnosed accurately by EUS and 35 cases by MRCP. Fourteen patients were confirmed as having no common bile duct stones, and the diagnosis was accurate in 12 cases by EUS and 13 cases by MRCP. The sensitivity of EUS was significantly higher than that of MRCP [93.48% (43/46) VS 76.09% (35/46), χ2=4.128, P=0.042]. There were 45 cases with diameter ≤1.0 cm, of which 42 cases were diagnosed by EUS and 34 by MRCP (diagnostic accuracy 93.33% VS 75.56%, χ2=4.145, P=0.042). There were 39 cases with diameter ≤0.8 cm, of which 36 cases were diagnosed by EUS and 28 by MRCP (diagnostic accuracy 92.31% VS 71.79%, χ2=4.266, P=0.039). There were 26 cases with diameter ≤0.5 cm, of which 24 cases were diagnosed by EUS and 16 by MRCP (diagnostic accuracy 92.31% VS 61.54%, χ2=5.038, P=0.021). EUS has obvious advantages in the diagnosis of common bile duct stones, and the accuracy of EUS is not affected by the size of stone. As a consequence, EUS should be performed in patients with high clinical suspicion of common bile duct stones but negative MRCP result.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical application value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the etiological diagnosis of patients initially diagnosed with idiopathic acute pancreatitis (IAP).Methods:Clinical data of 128 patients who underwent further EUS and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) after initial diagnosis of IAP at the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University between January 2015 and February 2022 were collected and divided into a single-episode group (single-episode group, 51 cases) and a multiple-episode group (recurrent group, 77 cases) based on the number of AP episodes. The data and the diagnosis of the etiology of IAP in the two groups by EUS were analyzed and compared with the etiological diagnosis results of MRCP.Results:The differences on basic information such as gender, age, history of smoking, history of alcohol consumption, family history of pancreatic disease, history of cholecystectomy, abnormality of liver function, and severity of pancreatitis between the single-episode group and recurrent group of IAP patients were not statistically significant. The etiology was clarified in 79 (62%) IAP patients after EUS examination, of which 55 (43%) cases had biliary disease (gallstones, microlithiasis, biliary sludge) and 24 (19%) cases had pancreatic disease (chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic divisum, pancreatic interstitial or pancreatic ductal changes). The percentage of patients with biliary disease as the cause of IAP was significantly higher in the single-episode group than in the recurrent group (59% vs 32%), while the percentage of patients with pancreatic disease as the cause of IAP was higher in the recurrent group than in the single-episode group (25% vs 10%), with statistically significant differences ( P values=0.004 and 0.035, respectively). The performance of EUS in diagnosing the etiology of IAP was significantly higher than that of MRCP (62% vs 19%, P=0.032), where EUS was more accurate in detecting biliary microlithiasis or biliary sludge (43% vs 9%, P<0.01). EUS was also superior to MRCP in identifying subtle changes in chronic pancreatitis lesions (small pancreatic nodules, patchy hyperechogenicity, etc.) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms(17% vs 7%, P<0.05), but was inferior to MRCP in identifying pancreatic divisum (2 cases vs 4 cases). Conclusions:In view of high diagnostic accuracy and safety of EUS in diagnosing biliary diseases, and based on the fact that most IAPs in China are due to biliary diseases, EUS based management strategy can be considered to be a reasonable approach for evaluation of IAP patients. The MRCP can be used as a supplement to the EUS to identify a controversial etiology.
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Objective:To study the clinical value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with non-deterministic choledocholithiasis.Methods:Data of 132 patients with unconfirmed common bile duct calculi diagnosed in Tianjin Nankai Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019, whose clinical manifestations were not consistent with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) results, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: group A showed calculi under MRCP with no suspicious clinical manifestations, while group B showed no calculi under MRCP with suspected clinical manifestations. All patients underwent EUS. Necessity of ERCP was determined according to EUS results, and the diagnostic accuracy of EUS was analyzed compared with ERCP results and follow-up results as the gold standard.Results:Of the 132 patients, 87 were confirmed as choledocholithiasis, and 45 had no common bile duct calculi by the golden standard. Forty-four (33.3%) cases were negative in EUS and were confirmed free of calculi by follow-up. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of EUS for choledocholithiasis were 95.40% (83/87), 97.78% (44/45), 96.21% (127/132), 98.81% (83/84) and 91.67% (44/48), respectively.The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MRCP for choledocholithiasis were 66.67% (58/87), 82.22% (37/45), 71.97% (95/132), 87.88% (58/66) and 56.06% (37/66), respectively. There were significant differences in the sensitivity, accuracy, positive predictive value or negative predictive value between EUS and ERCP (all P<0.05). There was significant consistency between the EUS results and the final diagnosis ( Kappa=0.917, P<0.001), and good consistency between MRCP results and the final diagnosis ( Kappa=0.439, P<0.001). The detection rate of false positive MRCP in group A was higher than that of false negative MRCP in group B [8/8 VS 89.66% (26/29), P<0.001] under EUS. Conclusion:EUS is superior to MRCP in the diagnosis of uncertain choledocholithiasis, and EUS prior to ERCP can reduce unnecessary ERCP operations and avoid missing stones.
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Objective:To evaluate direct bilirubin /total bilirubin(D/T), B-mode ultrasound(BUS), multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis abdominal pain (CAP).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the materials of patients who were diagnosed with choledocholithiasis abdominal pain by above imagines in the emergency department of Beijing Friendship Hospital during March 2016 to December 2018. The stones were taken out by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or surgical operation as the golden standard.Results:Among 256 patients, 195 cases, 138 cases, 107 cases and 26 cases were diagnosed by EUS, MRCP, CT and BUS, respectively. The sensitivity were 0.86, 0.62, 0.45, 0.13, respectively. The specificity were 0.86, 0.81, 0.75, 0.87. The positive predictive value were 0.97, 0.96, 0.91, 0.83.The negative predictive value were 0.55, 0.19, 0.21, 0.16. The accuracy rate were 0.88, 0.64, 0.48, 0.30, respectively. The sensitivity of D/T and D/T combined with EUS in the diagnosis of CAP were 0.57 and 0.67, and the accuracy were 0.16 and 0.56, respectively.Conclusions:EUS has a high diagnostic value for CAP. MRCP is superior to CT in the value of diagnosis of CAP. BUS in imaging diagnosis of CAP value is relatively low, but D/T combined with BUS can improve the sensitivity and accuracy of diagnosis for CAP.
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A ansa pancreática é uma variação anatômica rara dos ductos pancreáticos. Consiste numa comunicação entre o ducto pancreático principal (Wirsung) e o ducto pancreático acessório (Santorini). Recentemente, estudos têm demonstrado estar essa variação anatômica implicada como fator predisponente e significativamente associada a episódios recorrentes de pancreatite aguda. A pancreatite é uma entidade clínica pouco frequente na infância. Diferente dos adultos, as causas mais comuns incluem infecções virais, por ascaris, medicamentosas, traumas e anomalias estruturais. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de pancreatite aguda grave não alcoólica e não biliar, em um paciente jovem de 15 anos, em cuja propedêutica imagenológica evidenciou-se alça, comunicando com os ductos pancreáticos ventral e dorsal, compatível com ansa pancreática.
Ansa pancreatica is a rare anatomical variation of the pancreatic ducts. It consists of communication between the main pancreatic duct (Wirsung) and the accessory pancreatic duct (Santorini). Recently, studies have shown that this anatomical variation is implicated as a predisposing factor and significantly associated with recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatitis is a rare clinical entity in childhood. Different from that in the adults, the most common causes include viral and ascaris infections, drugs, traumas, and structural abnormalities. The objective of this study was to report a case of a severe non-alcoholic and non-biliary acute pancreatitis in a 15-year-old patient, whose propedeutic imaging showed a loop communicating with the ventral and dorsal pancreatic ducts, consistent with ansa pancreatica.
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Humans , Male , Adolescent , Pancreatic Ducts/abnormalities , Pancreatic Ducts/diagnostic imaging , Pancreatitis/etiology , Pancreatitis/diagnostic imaging , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/diagnostic imaging , Pancreatitis/complications , Pancreatitis/blood , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ichthyosis Vulgaris/diagnosis , Ultrasonography , Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic/pathology , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/etiology , Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing/diagnostic imaging , Amylases/blood , Lipase/bloodABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the feasibility of oral administration of diluted gadolinium diamine injection as negative contrast agent for gastrointestinal tract for improving imaging quality and displaying pancreaticobiliary duct during magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in children. Methods: MRI of gadolinium diamine diluent with concentrations of 0.20%, 0.30% and 0.50% and pure water were performed at the same time, then the signal attenuation rate of each concentration of contrast agent was calculated. A total of 282 children received MRCP were divided into experimental group (244 children with suspected hepatobiliary diseases) and control group (38 children with non-hepatobiliary diseases). One hour before examination, children in experimental group were asked to orally take 0.50% gadolinium diamine diluent 400 ml within 45 min, and then underwent MRCP 15 min later. All images were scored by 2 imaging physicians, and the imaging qualified rate of was calculated taken ≥3 points and not affecting diagnosis as qualified standards. Kappa coefficient was used to test the consistency of image quality assessments of 2 doctors, and the differences of imaging qualified rate were compared between 2 groups and different genders. Results: The signal attenuation rate of the concentration of 0.20%, 0.30% and 0.50% gadolinium diamine diluents was 76.67%, 88.47% and 98.33%, respectively. The 0.50% gadolinium diamine diluent had the best water inhibition effect, and was selected as the negative contrast agent for children gastrointestinal tract. The consistency of Results: of imaging quality scores by 2 doctors was good (Kappa=0.85, P0.05). Conclusion: Oral administration of 0.5% concentration of gadolinium diamine diluent can effectively inhibit high gastrointestinal fluid signals and significantly improve imaging quality of MRCP in children.
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Objective: To compare the image quality of three-dimensional MR cholangiopancreatography with breath-hold gradient-spin echo (3D-Grase-MRCP) and respiratory gated triggering turbo-spin echo (3D-Tse-MRCP). Methods: Totally 96 patients with suspicious pancreatic or biliary tract diseases underwent 3D-Grase-MRCP and 3D-Tse-MRCP scanning. The image quality scores, lesion display and contrast noise ratio (CNR)of the common bile duct were compared and analyzed between 3D-Grase-MRCP and 3D-Tse-MRC. The 3D-Grase-MRCP images were divided into hold-breath group and poor hold-breath group, and the image quality scores were compared between 2 groups. Results: CNR of common bile duct on 3D-Tse-MRCP images (357.08 [209.73, 594.38]) were higher than that on 3D-Grase-MRCP (256.14 [141.54, 417.87],Z=-3.01, P<0.05). The imaging scores on 3D-Grase-MRCP of the gallbladder, ductus cysticus, common bile duct and intrahepatic bile duct were higher than those on 3D-Tse-MRCP (all P<0.01). 3D-Grase-MRCP showed gallstones (n=42) and cystic duct stones (n=7) more clearly than 3D-Tse-MRCP (both P<0.05). Imaging scores of gallbladder, ductus cysticus, common bile duct, pancreatic duct and intrahepatic bile duct on 3D-Grase-MRCP in hold-breath group (n=68) were higher than those in poor hold-breath group (n=28) (all P<0.01). Conclusion: The imaging quality and lesion display of breath-hold 3D-Grase-MRCP sequence are superior to those of respiratory gated triggering 3D-Tse-MRCP sequence with significantly shortened scanning time, which is expected to be used as a new method for MRCP.
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Objective To improve the awareness of emergency biliary obstruction (BO) disease,and to further improve the diagnosis and treatment ability of BO patients.Methods Data of the etiology,clinical manifestations,imaging data,laboratory tests,and emergency treatment outcomes in 63 BO patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results Common bile duct stones were the most common cause of BO patients (63.49％),followed by cholangiocarcinoma (19.05％);the most common clinical manifestations of BO patients were jaundice (90.48％),abdominal pain (87.30％),and fever (53.97％);the diagnostic ability of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in patients with BO was significantly higher than that of ultrasound (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between CT and MRCP (P =1.000);compared with benign group,hemoglobin and albumin in malignant group were significantly lower,while total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were higher,with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Most patients in BO patients improved after treatment,and the mortality rate of BO patients was 3.17％ (2/63) at the end of emergency visit.Conclusions Common bile duct stones and cholangiocarcinoma are still the most common causes of emergency BO patients.The most common clinical manifestations of patients with emergency BO are jaundice,abdominal pain,and fever.Better than abdominal ultrasound,CT and MRCP have comparable diagnostic capabilities in the diagnosis of emergency BO patients.Anemia,hyperbilirubinemia and hypoproteinemia are alarm indicators for malignant tumors in emergency BO patients.Most patients can temporarily get better at the end of emergency visit.
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Objective@#To improve the awareness of emergency biliary obstruction (BO) disease, and to further improve the diagnosis and treatment ability of BO patients.@*Methods@#Data of the etiology, clinical manifestations, imaging data, laboratory tests, and emergency treatment outcomes in 63 BO patients were retrospectively analyzed.@*Results@#Common bile duct stones were the most common cause of BO patients (63.49%), followed by cholangiocarcinoma (19.05%); the most common clinical manifestations of BO patients were jaundice (90.48%), abdominal pain (87.30%), and fever (53.97%); the diagnostic ability of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in patients with BO was significantly higher than that of ultrasound (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between CT and MRCP (P=1.000); compared with benign group, hemoglobin and albumin in malignant group were significantly lower, while total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were higher, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Most patients in BO patients improved after treatment, and the mortality rate of BO patients was 3.17%(2/63) at the end of emergency visit.@*Conclusions@#Common bile duct stones and cholangiocarcinoma are still the most common causes of emergency BO patients. The most common clinical manifestations of patients with emergency BO are jaundice, abdominal pain, and fever. Better than abdominal ultrasound, CT and MRCP have comparable diagnostic capabilities in the diagnosis of emergency BO patients. Anemia, hyperbilirubinemia and hypoproteinemia are alarm indicators for malignant tumors in emergency BO patients. Most patients can temporarily get better at the end of emergency visit.
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El vólvulo, o torsión de la vesícula biliar, es una enfermedad de la sexta a la octava décadas de la vida, condición excepcional por su poca frecuencia y síntomas atípicos. Dado que tiende a confundirse con la colecistitis de origen no litiásico, su diagnóstico suele ser intraoperatorio y puede llegar a causar complicaciones graves, como la gangrena y la sepsis biliar e incluso la muerte. Pese a que hace 120 años se hizo el primer reporte de caso, en la actualidad se notifican cada vez más casos en la población añosa. En este artículo se presentan dos casos clínicos de vólvulo de la vesícula biliar y se hace una revisión de la literatura
Volvulus, or torsion of the gallbladder, is a disease of the sixth to eighth decades of life, an exceptional condition due to its infrequent and atypical symptoms.Since it tends to be confused with non-lithiasic cholecystitis, its diagnosis is usually intraoperative and can lead to serious complications such as gangrene and biliary sepsis, even death.Although the first case was reported 120 years ago, more cases are reported in the elderly population.In this article, two clinical cases of gallbladder volvulus are presented and a review of the literature is made
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Humans , Gallbladder , Diagnostic Imaging , Acalculous Cholecystitis , Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic ResonanceABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: Cholelithiasis is a highly prevalent condition, and choledocholitiasis is a high morbidity complication and requires accurate methods for its diagnosis. Aim: To evaluate the population of patients with suspected choledocholitiasis and check the statistical value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, ultrasonography, the laboratory and the clinic of these patients comparing them to the results obtained by perioperative cholangiography. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study, which were evaluated 76 patients with cholelithiasis and suspected choledocholithiasis. Results: It was observed that the presence of dilatation of the biliary tract or choledocholithiasis in the ultrasonography was four and eight times increased risk of perioperative cholangiography for positive choledocholithiasis, respectively. For each unit increased in serum alkaline phosphatase was 0.3% increased the risk of perioperative cholangiography for positive choledocholithiasis. In the presence of dilatation of the bile ducts in the ultrasonography was four times greater risk of positive magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for choledocholithiasis. In the presence of pancreatitis these patients had five times higher risk of positive magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for choledocholithiasis. On the positive magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography presence to choledocholithiasis was 104 times greater of positive perioperative cholangiography for choledocholithiasis. Conclusions: The magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is a method with good accuracy for propedeutic follow-up for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis, consistent with the results obtained from the perioperative cholangiography; however, it is less invasive, with less risk to the patient and promote decreased surgical time when compared with perioperative cholangiography.
RESUMO Racional: A colelitíase é afecção de alta prevalência, sendo a coledocolitíase complicação de elevada morbidade e que necessita de métodos acurados para seu diagnóstico. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil populacional de pacientes com suspeita de coledocolitíase e verificar o valor estatístico da colangiopancreatografia por ressonância magnética, da ultrassonografia, dos exames laboratoriais e da clínica desses pacientes e compará-los aos resultados obtidos pela colangiografia peroperatória. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo longitudinal, de coorte, retrospectivo, no qual foram avaliados 76 pacientes com diagnóstico de colelitíase e suspeita de coledocolitíase. Resultados: Observou-se que na presença de dilatação das vias biliares ou coledocolitíase na ultrassonografia havia risco quatro e oito vezes maior, respectivamente, de colangiografia peroperatória positiva para coledocolitíase. Para cada unidade de aumento na fosfatase alcalina sérica houve aumento em 0,3% no risco de colangiografia peroperatória positiva para coledocolitíase. Na presença de dilatação das vias biliares na ultrassonografia ou clínica de pancreatite havia risco quatro e cinco vezes maior, respectivamente, de colangiopancreatografia por ressonância magnética positiva para coledocolitíase. Na presença de colangiopancreatografia por ressonância magnética positiva para coledocolitíase o risco foi 104 vezes maior de colangiografia peroperatória positiva para coledocolitíase. Conclusão: A colangiopancreatografia por ressonância magnética para seguimento propedêutico tem boa acurácia para o diagnóstico de coledocolitíase, e concordante com os resultados obtidos na colangiografia peroperatória. O método é menos invasivo, com menores riscos ao paciente e com diminuição do tempo cirúrgico dispendido para realização da colangiografia peroperatória.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Cholangiography/methods , Choledocholithiasis/diagnostic imaging , Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance/methods , Pancreatitis/diagnostic imaging , Biliary Tract/diagnostic imaging , Cholecystectomy/methods , Logistic Models , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Longitudinal Studies , Ultrasonography/methods , Sensitivity and Specificity , Statistics, Nonparametric , Risk Assessment , Choledocholithiasis/surgery , Dilatation, Pathologic/diagnostic imaging , Perioperative PeriodABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the clinical characteristics of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and evaluate its impact on growth of children.@*Methods@#A retrospective study was conducted in 94 children (male 49 cases, female 45 cases) who were diagnosed with CP in the Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 2008 to July 2015. Clinical characteristics, such as features of abdominal pain, etiologies, image data, levels of serum amylase and lipase, and physical development data were extracted from electronic medical records. The comparison between groups based on etiology or with normal control was performed with student′s t test.@*Results@#The age of first episode was (8.2±3.7) years. There were 61 (65%) children diagnosed with idiopathic CP, and 25 (27%) with anatomic abnormalities. The age of onset in the group with anatomic abnormalities was lower than that in the idiopathic CP group ((6.3±3.5) vs. (8.9±3.4) years, t=3.211, P=0.002). There were 51 (54%) patients with serum amylase elevation, 41(44%) patients with lipase elevation, and 35 (37%) with elevation in both. The questionnaire showed that 28 out of 30 children had moderate to severe abdominal pain. The patients′ weight standard score (SDS) was significantly lower than the overall average in normal control (-0.4±1.1 vs. 0, t=-3.308, P=0.001). Meanwhile, the mean level of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) SDS of 35 children was significantly decreased (-1.8±1.8 vs. 0, t=-6.136, P<0.01). There were 69% (37/54) patients diagnosed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), higher than that diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound (29%, 27/94).@*Conclusions@#Idiopathic CP and anatomic abnormalities were the two main etiologies. Normal level of serum amylase and lipase or negative finding of ultrasound cannot exclude CP, while MRCP and MRI should be considered to improve CP diagnostic rate. It is noteworthy that growth delay would happen in children with CP history.
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Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) in patients.Methods The clinical data of 27 patients with type 1 AIP treated at Fujian Provincial Hospital from January 2012 to October 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Results There are 25 males (92.6％) and 2 females (7.4％) (ratio 12.5∶1).The age of disease onset was (59.5 ± 14.3) years.The most common presenting symptoms were jaundice and abdominal pain (both 59.3％).The most common complication was IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (63.0％).Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatograhpy (MRCP) conducted on 26 patients showed the diffuse type 1 AIP was most common (53.8％),only 2 patients (7.7％) presented with a main pancreatic duct stricture.The pancreatic segment of bile duct narrowing was very common (84.6％),and most patients presented as tapered narrowings (65.4％).Standard glucocorticoid therapy was given to these 27 patients who responded well with clinical and laboratory remissions.Two patients were given maintenance glucocorticoid therapy for a high level of serum IgG4.Conclusions Type 1 AIP can present as a local manifestation of IgG4-related disease.The most common complication is IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis.Glucocorticoid therapy was effective but some patients required maintenance therapy.
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MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is widely used in biliary obstructive disease which is a commen disease in clinic,depending on its good ability of localized and qualitative diagnosis.With the development of MR technology,the applications of DWI in biliary obstructive disease is increasingly reported and most of them are focused on DWI application of the early diagnosis,qualitative diagnosis and the liver function evaluation of biliary obstructive disease.In this article,the application of MRCP,DWI and the combination of the two methods in biliary obstructive disease were reviewed.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Biliary stone disease is one of the most common conditions leading to hospitalization. In addition to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) are required in diagnosing choledocholithiasis. This study aimed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of EUS and MRCP against ERCP in diagnosing choledocholithiasis. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted after prospective collection of data involving 62 suspected choledocholithiasis patients who underwent ERCP from June 2013 to August 2014. Patients were divided into two groups. The first group (31 patients) underwent EUS and the second group (31 patients) underwent MRCP. Then, ERCP was performed in both groups. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of EUS and MRCP were determined by comparing them to ERCP, which is the gold standard. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 3:2. The mean ages were 47.25 years in the first group and 52.9 years in the second group. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for EUS were 96%, 57%, 87%, 88%, and 80% respectively, and for MRCP were 81%, 40%, 68%, 74%, and 50%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: EUS is a better diagnostic tool than MRCP for diagnosing choledocholithiasis.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance , Choledocholithiasis , Endosonography , Hospitalization , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the value of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) versus magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. MethodsA total of 31 patients with obstructive jaundice who visited Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2015 to March 2016 were enrolled, and all the patients underwent EUS and MRCP. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and Youden index of EUS and MRCP in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice were compared. ResultsOf all patients, 16 (51.61%) were diagnosed with common bile duct stones, 1 (3.23%) was diagnosed with ampullary tumor, 6 (19.35%) were diagnosed with duodenal papillary tumor, 3 (9.68%) were diagnosed with tumor of the head of the pancreas, 2 (6.45%) were diagnosed with bile duct tumor, 2 (6.45%) were diagnosed with bile duct inflammation, and 1 had no stones or space-occupying lesions observed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, EUS, or MRCP. The coincidence rate of EUS in the diagnosis of ampullary tumor, duodenal papillary tumor, and tumor of the head of the pancreas was 100%, and MRCP had a lower coincidence rate in the diagnosis of common bile duct stones and a lower overall coincidence rate of diagnosis than EUS (81.25%/76.67% vs 93.75%/90.00%). In the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice, EUS and MRCP had sensitivities of 90.00% and 76.70%, specificities of 100%, accuracy rates of 90.30% and 7740%, and Youden indices of 0.90 and 0.77. ConclusionEUS has a higher value in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice than MRCP.
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With the progress in research on portal hypertension in recent years,portal hypertensive biliopathy (PHB)has attracted more and more attention.The pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of PHB,as well as the main methods for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease,are briefly described.The pathogenesis of PHB remains unclear,and it has been postulated that the external pressure of portal cav-ernoma and the ischemic stricture of the bile duct may play a role.Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is the primary diagnostic tool for PHB.Currently,it is thought that asymptomatic PHB patients do not require any treatment,and symptomatic PHB patients should re-ceive individualized treatment,which mainly included reducing portal pressure and relieving biliary obstruction.Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt has become the first-line therapy for symptomatic PHB.More research and practice are needed for further understand-ing of PHB.
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Objective To compare the effect of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS),magnetic resonance chlangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) in the diagnosis of suspicious intermediate choledocholithiasis.Methods One hundred and eighty-six patients with suspicious intermediate of choledocholithiasis successively received MRCP,EUS,and ERCP examination.The stone taking out by endoscopic as diagnositic standard,and the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy in different methods was compared.Results Sensitivity and accuracy of EUS was significantly higher than that of MRCP [97.5％(155/159) vs.92.5％(147/159),97.3％(181/186) vs.91.9％(171/186)](x2 =4.21,5.30,P =0.04,0.02).There was no statistically significant difference between EUS and ERCP in specificity [96.3％(26/27) vs.88.9％ (24/27)] (x2 =115.40,P ＜ 0.05).Sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of ERCP was 98.9％(184/186),98.7％(157/159) and 100.0％(27/27),and there was no difference between EUS and ERCP in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions EUS is similar with ERCP for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis.By performing EUS or MRCP first,ERCP may be avoided in patients with suspicious intermediate choledocholithiasis.
ABSTRACT
Pancreaticothoracic fistula is a rare complication of acute or chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. It may present with various symptoms, like dyspnea, abdominal pain, cough, chest pain, fever, back pain, hemoptysis, fatigue, or orthopnea. Pancreaticothoracic fistula can be detected by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), or computed tomography. MRCP has high sensitivity and fewer side effects, and thus it has recently been recommended as the first choice for the detection of pancreaticothoracic fistula. On the other hand, ERCP enables the detection and treatment of pancreaticothoracic fistula and allows for stent insertion; for this reason it is a commonly used modality in pancreaticothoracic fistula cases. Herein, the authors describe a case of pancreaticothoracic fistula detected by ERCP and MRCP that manifested only respiratory symptoms, namely hemoptysis and pneumothorax without abdominal pain, which commonly accompanies pancreatitis.